Mastering Bio Chapter 7

Discipline: Biology (and other Life Sciences)

Type of Paper: Question-Answer

Academic Level: Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)

Paper Format: APA

Pages: 1 Words: 275

Question

Biology/Introduction To Biology

Define osmosis
the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentrate to a region of higher solute concentration. Does not require ATP = Passive Transport

Define diffusion
Movement of solutes from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration. Down the concentration gradient Requires NO ATP Passive transport

Define facilitated diffusion
Diffusion of BIG, charged, hydrophilic molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through channels Down the concentration gradient
Requires NO ATP Passive transport

Define Active Transport
The net movement of dissolved particles against their concentration gradient (from an areal of low concentration to an are of high concentration) with the help of carrier molecules Requires ATP

What are three types of passive transport?
Diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis

Which of the following is an example of passive transport? A. Facilitated diffusion B. The sodium-potassium pump C. Phagocytosis D. Exocytosis E. Pinocytosis
A. Facilitated diffusion

What are examples of endocytosis?
1. Phagocytosis 2. Pinocytosis 3. Receptor Mediated endocytosis

What is phagocytosis?
Cell eating

What is pinocytosis?
Cell drinking (moves liquids into the cell)

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?
enables the cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances, even though those substances may not be very concentrated in the extracellular fluid. Use of specific receptors embedded in the protein.

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis all involve: A. the intake of large particles B. invagination of the plasma membrane C. the export of macro molecules D. the presence of receptor proteins E. the intake of fluids by the cell
B. invagination of the plasma membrane

Osmosis is a specific form of: A. diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. active transport D. secondary active transport E. movement of water by carrier proteins
A. Diffusion

Osmosis moves water from a region of ____ to a region of ____. A. high concentration of dissolved material; low concentration of dissolved material B. low concentration of dissolved material; high concentration of dissolved material C. hypertonic solution; hypotonic solution D. negative osmotic potential; positive osmotic potential E. low concentration of water; high concentration of water
B. low concentration of dissolved material; high concentration of dissolved material

Active transport usually moves molecules: A. in the same direction as diffusion B. in the opposite direction of diffusion C. in a direction that tends to bring about equilibrium D. toward higher pH E. toward higher osmotic potential
B. in the opposite direction of diffusion

Sodium-potassium pumps are common in many cells. Which of the following are necessary for the pumps to work? A. ATP B. A channel protein C. No concentration gradient D. All of the above
A. ATP

Which of these cannot rapidly pass directly through the phospholipids of the plasma membrane?

A. Lipid soluble molecule B. Water C. Glucose D. Hydrogen Ion
B, C & D

A semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. Which solution will decrease in volume? A. Solution A: 1.4% (m/v) starch B. Solution B: 7.62% (m/v) starch
A. Solution A: 1.4% (m/v) starch The water molecules actually move in both directions, but they move to a greater extent toward Solution B because it has a higher solute concentration than Solution A. The net movement of water molecules causes Solution A to decrease in volume and Solution B to increase in volume.

A semipermeable membrane is placed between the following solutions. Which solution will increase in volume? A. Solution C: 9% (m/v) NaCl B. Solution D: 12.4% (m/v) NaCl
B. Solution D: 12.4% (m/v) NaCl The water molecules actually move in both directions, but they move to a greater extent toward Solution D because it has a higher solute concentration than Solution C. This net movement of water molecules causes Solution D to increase in volume and Solution C to decrease in volume.

What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane? A. pinocytosis B. diffusion C. osmosis D. passive transport E. phagocytosis
C. osmosis

This cell is in a(n) _____ solution.

A. isotonic B. hypertonic or isotonic C. hypotonic D. hypertonic E. hypotonic and isotonic
D. hypertonic

You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because it _____.
hypertonic solution ... lost water

You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because the cell _____.

A. hypotonic ... swelled B. hypertonic ... lost water C. hypertonic ... gained water D. isotonic ... neither lost nor gained water E. hypotonic ... shrunk
A. hypotonic ... swelled

Structure A is a _____.

A. solvent B. solute C. phospholipid D. transport protein E. water molecule
B. solute

Structure B is a _____.

A. solute B. transport protein C. phospholipid D. solvent E. water molecule
B. Transport protein
Secretes large molecules out of the cell: A. Exocytosis B. Endocytosis C. Both
A. Exocytosis

Forms vesicles from inward folding of the plasma membrane: A. Exocytosis B. Endocytosis C. Both
B. Endocytosis

Decreases the surface are of the plasma membrane: A. Exocytosis B. Endocytosis C. Both
B. Endocytosis

Requires cellular energy:
A. Exocytosis B. Endocytosis C. Both
c. Both

Increases the surface area of the plasma membrane: A. Exocytosis B. Endocytosis C. Both
A. Exocytosis

Requires fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane: A. Exocytosis B. Endocytosis C. Both
A. Exocytosis

Transported substances never physically across the plasma membrane: A. Exocytosis B. Endocytosis C. Both
C. Both

Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____. A. out of ... diffusion B. out of ... membranous vesicles C. into ... facilitated diffusion D. into ... membranous vesicles E. into ... a transport protein
D. into ... membranous vesicles

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____. A. exocytosis B. pinocytosis C. facilitated diffusion D. receptor-mediated endocytosis E. phagocytosis
E. phagocytosis

According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly A. confined to the hydrophobic core of the membrane. B. randomly oriented in the membrane, with no fixed inside-outside polarity. C. free to depart from the fluid membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution. D. spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane. E. embedded in a lipid bilayer.
E. embedded in a lipid bilayer.

Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity? A. a relatively high protein content in the membrane B. a greater proportion of saturated phospholipids C. a greater proportion of relatively large glycolipids compared with lipids having smaller molecular masses D. a lower temperature E. a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids
E. a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids

Which of the following processes includes all others? A. osmosis B. facilitated diffusion C. passive transport D. transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient E. diffusion of a solute across a membrane
C. passive transport